How to Restrict Drawing Lines on a Plane in Rhino

Contents

• ane Introduction
• two Starting upward
• 3 Interface
  • iii.1 Graphics Area
  • 3.ii Viewports
  • iii.3 Navigation
• 4 Shading: displaying the geometry
  • 4.ane Shading: displaying a impress preview of a second drawing
• 5 Output of Rhino
  • five.ane Saving an prototype
  • v.2 Brand 2D Drawings from a 3D design
  • five.three Adding hatches to a 2D drawing
  • 5.four Export lines and curves to Adobe Illustrator
• vi Activating Commands
  • half dozen.one Menu bar
  • 6.ii Commandline
  • 6.three Toolbar
    • 6.3.1 Tooltips
    • 6.iii.2 Flyouts
  • 6.four Shelf
• vii Duplication
• 8 Using Drawing Aids
  • 8.1 Snap
  • eight.2 Ortho
  • 8.3 Planar
  • 8.four Osnap
  • 8.5 Smart track
  • 8.6 Gumball
  • 8.7 Record history
• nine Transformations
  • 9.one Move
  • 9.two Rotate
  • 9.3 Calibration
  • 9.4 Type in Coordinates
  • 9.5 Construction planes
• 10 Organization of data
  • 10.1 Selecting objects
  • 10.2 Groups
    • 10.2.1 Blocks
  • 10.3 Using Layers

Introduction

Example of designs made with NURBS

This page uses abbreviations for the mouse buttons:

LMB: Left Mouse Button

MMB: Middle Mouse Button

RMB: Right Mouse Button

Rhino is software which focusses on modelling geometry. Although at that place are some options of generating images and animate a camera, the primary office of Rhino is the generation of digital geometry. This focus has an advantage. Rhino not just provides extensive tools to generate geometry, from simple to extremely complex, it is also easy to learn.

Rhino is used in a variety of industries from shipbuilding to industrial design and mechanical blueprint. It has found its place in the design industry because of its powerful model engine and the wide range support of various types of digital geometry. These types of geometry are divers by their mathematical description in the computer. The choice of the correct geometry type is of fundamental importance when used in design. Rhinoceros supports the 3 main geometry types:

• Solids
• NURBS
• Polygons (only elementary support)

Solids and NURBS are the standard geometry types used in design due to their authentic mathematical description of the shapes and in the example of the NURBS the possibility to create complex shapes. A few elements which are influenced past the mathematical description are:

• Accuracy of the geometry ( important for manufacturing)
• The shapes it can generate
• The ability to arrange the shape
• The workflow of generating the shapes.

The mathematical description of the geometry defines the workflow on how to generate 3D geometry in the figurer. Information technology is however also for the most part similar in all the unlike software which uses this type of geometry. The workflow of generating 3D geometry volition therefore be quite like any programme you are using.

Parametric design with Grasshopper

Additional functionality tin be obtained by using a selection of a wide range of plugins bachelor for Rhinoceros. Part of these plugins are freely downloadable others take to be bought. This enables the user to customize the functionality of the program to its needs. One plugin had quite an impact on the use of Rhino in architectural blueprint. Grasshopper, a free plugin for Rhino, was developed to tackle the lack of parametric back up in Rhino. The solution was to generate a visual programming environment which enabled the user to have extensive command over the relations between objects and its parameters. This paramount for designing in the computer considering it enables the user to generate very fast different variations of the blueprint without to have to build every adapted element from scratch and create complex relations between objects . Say you accept a window in a wall, movement the window and the pigsty in the wall should likewise motion and not stay at its original location. These are two different objects, but when they are parametrically linked the reckoner knows that the pigsty of the wall is linked to the window and therefore will movement the hole with the window. The possibilities withal go mode beyond the elementary example. This principal of creating relations between objects and parameters can finer support the search to find meliorate solutions for the complex relationships of goals and constraints which we encounter in architectural design. Well known architectural firms like United nations Studio and Zaha Hadid are now using Rhino and Grasshopper in their pattern procedure.

Starting upward

starting up Rhinoceros

When yous start up rhino you lot will get a menu request on what calibration you desire to work. The option are small and large with dissimilar units. Small and large are defined by the size of a truck. So when we design a building nosotros will apply the Large option, with mm as unit.

Interface

Interface

The interface of Rhino is quite directly frontwards. The interface has similarities with most 2d and 3d programs used at the faculty of Architecture. The cartoon options are all-encompassing and support a range of tools which enable the fast generation of circuitous 3d geometry. Keep in mind that the interface is designed and has a certain logic which is related to the workflow of the program itself.

Graphics Surface area

Graphics area

The Rhino graphics surface area holds the viewports which volition display your geometry from various angles. The standard setup for this graphic expanse is 4 viewports with a perspective view, an orthogonal side, front and peak view. Everything you depict volition be visible in these viewports, it displays the virtual infinite. This space has a 10,Y,Z coordinate organisation to ascertain positions in virtual space. The axes of this coordinate organization tin be seen in the left bottom corner of the viewport. Z is Up. The centre of the virtual space is the betoken where the red and green line of the grid meet. The grid itself is a visual feedback of that coordinate system. The position of viewports can exist arranged in different configurations and different photographic camera views.

Viewports

Viewports

Viewports are the windows in your graphics expanse that show the different views on your model. The viewport title highlights when it is active. The active viewport is the viewport where all your commands and deportment take place

• To move and re size viewports, elevate the viewport title or borders.
• To toggle betwixt a small viewport and one that fills the graphics area, double-click the viewport title.
• You tin can create new viewports, rename viewports, and utilize predefined viewport configurations by RMB-click on the viewport title or the viewport settings tin can be changed in the pull-down menu View »Viewport Layout

Navigation

Navigation tools

Like any other 3d software Rhinoceros support a whole range of navigation options which enable you lot to navigate your scene. The near used are the navigation options of Orbiting around an object, Panning and Zoom. This tin be done using the mouse and keyboard. Navigation with mouse and keyboard

• RMB = Orbiting effectually the model (only possible in a 3D view, ie. Perspective)
• RMB + CTRL = Zoom in/out
• RMB + Shift = Panning

Boosted tools are available on the Standard Shelf tab.

Shading: displaying the geometry

Shading

Yous can non only alter the viewports but also how they will display the geometry. There is a whole range of display options from a elementary wireframe to realistically rendered.

To use the realisticly rendered display mode, yous need to set upward lighting of your geometry. One way to do this is to fix up a sky system using the pull-down carte: Panel »Sun . In this menu you can activate the Rhinoceros sun and skydome. Together they will generate a realistic lighting situation.

Shading: displaying a print preview of a 2D drawing

Print preview

If you lot are making a 2d technical drawing according to the ruling guidelines, you will know that line thicknesses are an of import office of the readability of a technical cartoon. These line thicknesses tin be set up in the Layer card for each layer you create. To have an thought how the drawing will expect when printed you can activate the Impress Preview option in the viewport menu.

Output of Rhino

Yous can extract different kinds of files from Rhino. Rhinoceros files are saved in the native fileformat of .3dm. Withal Rhinoceros has substantial assortment of options of saving your data in other file formats.

Saving an image

Saving an image

The paradigm of the viewport can be saved by using the Viewport bill of fare. Click on the arrow next to the viewport label to open the options of the viewport. Select Capture »to File .

Make second Drawings from a 3D design

make second

brand 2D

2D drawings are still widely used in communicating your design. Most 3D software have the selection of automatically generate these drawings from your 3D design. In Rhino nosotros can use the Brand 2D command. Select Dimensions »Make 2d Cartoon .

Adding hatches to a second drawing

Hatches tin can be quite useful to define the properties of your geometry. A wall tin can accept another hatch pattern so a floor for instance. This technique is widely used in technical drawings where black and white printouts restrict you from using colour.

In rhinoceros we have a simple hatch selection.

Earlier we start we have to make a new layer. Practiced practice is to place the hatch blueprint on a dissever layer so you can switch it on and off easily.

• Select the Layers tab on the right menu.
• Click twice on the proper name of the layer you want to convert to the hatch layer, and change its name into Hatch.
• Or brand a new layer by clicking on the left icon at the peak of the menu.
• Now double click the layer to make it agile. Everything which is generated will be place on this layer.

To make a hatch pattern we get to Dimensions »Hatch »

• Select the option of Boundary yes or no.
• If boundary is selected it will exist possible to select overlapping regions inside the selected curves
• If boundary is not selected all inner area of the curves will be hatched.
• Select the curves
• Select the hatch blueprint and adjust the design scale.

Export lines and curves to Adobe Illustrator

rhinoceros to ai

Rhinoceros generates curves which tin can be saved and imported in Adobe Illustrator. This is very unproblematic. Select the curves and get to File »export pick »select AI extension

Activating Commands

There are iv options of activating a command. With each these iv options you will accept access to well-nigh all the commands bachelor in Rhino. That means that if you cull one option of activating a command you still will take access to all the functionality of Rhino. The reason there a various options of activating a command has partially to do with preference of the user. A skilled user volition probably type in the commands, a novice user will use the toolbox or the pull downwards menus because they describe the control in the form of an icon or text. The 4 options are:

Pull down menu

The use of the menu bar. The card bar gives you access to all the pull-down carte du jour's which are bachelor in Rhinoceros. The organization of the commands are such in the pull downward menu's that you work from left to right and from meridian to bottom. You start with generating a gear up of curves, then you generate a surface with the help of the curves, these surfaces can exist joined into a solid and the solid tin be transformed to a mesh. Although this might sound now unfamiliar, you lot will recognize this setup one time yous are start using Rhino.

Commandline

The second option is the command expanse. Information technology displays commands and control prompts. It is usually docked at the top or the bottom of the screen:

Only the command line can float anywhere. The command line is favored by many adept users because information technology works very fast. Nevertheless you lot demand to know the proper name of the command or y'all can type the starting time few messages of a command name to actuate the autocomplete command list.

Utilise the command line to type commands, option command options, type coordinates, type distances, angles, or radii, type shortcuts, and view command prompts. To enter information typed at the command line, press Enter or Spacebar.

When plenty messages of the command are typed then that it is unique, the control name completes on the control line. Press Enter to activate the control one time the full control name appears. As you lot blazon command names, the autocomplete command list appears. As you lot type more letters, the list is narrowed downward to the possible commands. Left click on the control in the list to start information technology.

The command window shows two lines past default. To open up a window that displays the control history, press F2. The text in the Command History window can be selected and copied to the Windows clipboard. The command surface area can be compared to the commandbar of Autodesk Autocad. The command line is not merely there to type in commands but is also gives you access to options of a command when you have given it.

To utilise command options, click the option on the command line or type the underlined letter of the option and press Enter

Toolbar

Toolbar

The Third option is the employ of the toolbar. Rhino toolbars contain buttons that provide shortcuts to commands. Y'all tin float a toolbar anywhere on the screen, or dock information technology at the edge of the graphics area. This is a very simple admission to the commands. Due to its strict and articulate arrangement of the icons this option is ideal when starting to learn Rhino. Most of the commands for generating geometry are available through the toolbox. Rhinoceros starts up with the Standard toolbar docked higher up the graphics area and the Main1 and Main2 toolbars docked on the left.

Tooltips

Flyouts

Tooltips tell what each button does. Motility your arrow over a button without clicking it. A small-scale xanthous tag with the name of the command appears.In Rhino, many buttons can execute two commands. The tooltip indicates which buttons have dual functions.

Flyouts

Flyouts

A push button on a toolbar may include additional command buttons in a fly-out toolbar. Usually the fly-out toolbar contains variations on the base command. Afterwards you select a button on the fly-out, the wing-out disappears.

Buttons with fly-outs are marked with a small triangle in the lower right corner. To open the fly-out toolbar, hold down the left mouse button for a moment or press the correct mouse button. The Lines toolbar is linked to the Main1 toolbar. If yous hold the left mouse push button downward over the Line push button of the Main1 toolbar, the fly-out Lines toolbar opens.

Yous can 'tear off' whatever flyout past dragging the top bar of the flyout and position information technology anywhere for quick admission to the buttons.

Shelf

Shelf

The fourth pick is the utilise of the shelf. This looks a scrap similar the toolbox , except all the icons are visible which are related to the topic of the shelf. The Standard shelf tab contains a set of options which are often used

For this course we suggest you employ the Toolbox in combination with the pulldown menu.

Duplication

Array

Array toolbar

Like all software you lot have the option of copying and pasting of objects. This tin can be done with the standard windows copy, paste choice.

The preferred method for duplicating objects however is to use the copy control.

1. Select the object
2. Type Copy in the command line
3. Select a reference point
4. Click a point or multiple points to create copies.

If you need an array of copies, use the Array function: Transform »Assortment or click the array icon on the toolbar.

Using Drawing Aids

Cartoon aids are tools that will help you in the process of creating objects. At that place is extensive support in Rhino for generating geometry. These drawing aids tin can speed upwardly the modelling process and will increment the accuracy of the geometry generated. There are a broad range of support tools bachelor which can exist institute on the status bar.

• Snap
• Ortho
• Planar
• Osnap
• Smart track
• Gumball
• Record History

Snap

When Snap is on, your marking "snaps" between grid snap points, whose distance apart is gear up by the SetSnap control or by the Options dialog box, Modeling Aids folio.

Ortho

When Ortho is on, marker movement is restricted to points at multiples of a specified bending from the terminal signal created. The default angle is 90 degrees. These settings tin can be inverse by the Options dialog box, Modeling Aids page.

Planar

When Planar is on, each signal picked in a viewport will have the same elevation from that viewport'south construction plane as the previous signal, regardless of where the previous point was picked.

Osnap

When Rhinoceros asks you to choose a point, you can constrain the marker to specific parts of existing objects by turning on object snap modes. When an object snap is active, moving the cursor near a specified indicate on an object causes the mark to jump to that point. Object snaps can persist from choice to option, or can be activated for one choice only. Multiple persistent object snaps tin can be fix in the Osnap dialog box. All object snaps behave similarly, merely snap to dissimilar parts of existing geometry.

Employ persistent objects snaps to maintain an object snap through choosing several points without having to reactivate the object snap. Only the following object snaps can persist.

• Cease Snap to the cease of a curve

• Virtually Snap most a curve

• POINT Snap to a point

• MID Snap to the midpoint of a curve

• CEN Snap to the heart of a circle

• INT Snap to the intersection of two curves

• PERP Snap perpendicular to a curve

• TAN Snap tangent to a curve

• QUAD Snap to a quadrant of a circle or ellipse

• KNOT Snap to a knot on a bend or surface

You lot can set the radius of influence for object snaps. This means how shut y'all have to move the cursor to the point before the marker jumps to the point.

To display the Osnap dialog box, on the status bar, click Osnap. Select or articulate the desired object snap checkboxes. You can disable all persistent object snaps with the Disable push. To clear all persistent object snaps, RMB the Disable button. Printing the Alt central to temporarily append object snaps. If object snaps are locked, press Alt to toggle them on temporarily.

Tip
A adept combination of snaps is end, int, mid and perp

Smart track

Smart rails

Smarttrack is an option to generate back up lines on the fly. These lines can help you to accurately align sections of curves. When the mouse is placed over a corner of a curve it will generate a helpline. This option is very constructive when you are generating lines and curves in Rhino.

Gumball

Gumball

The Gumball is an artifact which enables you to motility, rotate or scale a selected object. The motion pick is defined by the colored arrows. The motility will exist constraint to that direction by selecting one arrow with the mouse and hold. If you select the arc you tin can rotate the object and when you select the cubes you can scale the object. This can not only be done by dragging the Gumball merely for more accurate translation yous can also type in the value of the translation. To motion the Gumball relative to the selected object yous tin select the white circle. This opens a carte du jour with additional settings for the Gumball. 1 is the displacement of the Gumball.

Record history

Record history

The tape history is a feature which available in most design software. The option supports fast alterations of your geometry. Record history is based on principle recording how you lot generated the geometry. In bend based modelling we use curves as a basis for class generation. A relation is generated between the curve and the surface is generated when the record history option is activated. This ways that if the curve is adjusted the surface which was made from the curve will too be adjusted.

Beware
Don't leave the Tape History option turned on the whole time while working in Rhino; you lot volition link all objects to each other. Imagine what happens if y'all of a sudden move one of the first drawn objects, suddenly all objects will movement relative to this object.

Transformations

In that location are several ways of transforming your geometry. The principal methods are

Motion

Move

Select the object or objects and activate the Motion icon in the toolbar. It will ask to define a point to move from , and once defined a bespeak to move to. The object volition remain within the plane of the grid. If the object has to be moved in a vertical direction from the filigree so activate Vertical=Yes in the control line.

Rotate

Rotate

Select the object or objects and activate the Rotate icon in the toolbar. Information technology volition ask for a rotation point. The object will rotate around that point. Once defined, an additional point can be defined to generate a reference line which then can be rotated. Or the amount of rotation can be typed into the command line. There is also another choice of rotation which is called 3D rotation. In that instance the axes of rotation can be divers by the user. With 2nd rotation the axes is divers perpendicular to the orthographic views or in the Z centrality in the perspective view.

Scale

Scale

Select the object or objects and activate the Scale icon in the toolbar. Information technology volition inquire for a origin point. One time divers it will ask for a 2d reference point or one can type in the scale value. There is also a second calibration pick and 1D scale option bachelor which work in a similar manner but the amount dimensions you can calibration is express.

Type in Coordinates

If you lot want accurately move, scale or rotate an object then you lot can use the type in pick of the control line. This doesn't simply work for translations but also with drawing geometry. For example yous can define each edit betoken on your curve by typing in the absolute ( according to the globe coordinate system ) location of the adjacent point or a relative position in relation to the last defined point.

If you want to apply the origin equally a start indicate of your object you tin blazon 0 equally a shortcut instead of 0,0,0

If you want to continue with a relative coordinate precede your input with a @ or r like @0,5,0

You can also enter polar coordinates. Absolute polar coordinates starting time from the origin (0,0,0) and the vector starts at 3 o'clock and changes counterclockwise. Relative polar coordinates too start with a @ or r similar @5<xxx. This means that the next point is five units abroad on xxx degrees from the last betoken.

You tin can also enter only <30. The cursor will snap every 30 degrees. If you likewise enter 5 the cursor will always be 5 units away from the last indicate and also snap every 30 degrees.

Structure planes

structure aeroplane

When you make geometry it will be placed on the filigree which is visible in the viewport. The grid is therefore your construction plane. This tin can be problematic if you lot want to generate an object which should not be aligned with or placed on the standard grid. The grid however can be moved and rotated. In the example you meet a pyramid structure with sloped sides. If you want to draw a cube aligned to the side and onto the side of the pyramid then you can realign the grid or also called the Structure Plane You lot can change the orientation of a construction plane at whatever fourth dimension. Changing the construction airplane tin can assistance y'all constructing geometry at difficult places and orientations.

Organization of data

Selecting objects

select objects

Earlier you can edit a shape or transform it yous will accept to select information technology. At that place are extensive tools bachelor for selecting the objects and organize them in a way that the objects can be easily tracked in your scene. When you take a complex scene with a lot of objects it becomes important that you lot tin can select the correct objects efficiently. To select an object:

• To select an object only LMB- click on the object.
• To add another object to that option use SHIFT – LMB.
• To deselect an object utilise CRTL – LMB

To select multiple objects in 1 sweep drag your mouse with LMB clicked from right to left over the to be selected objects. The geometry it will be selected where always the mouse crosses. This is called crossing. If you drag your mouse from left to correct then but the objects will exist selected which were completely inside the boundary of the selection. This option is called window selection. Additional options for option can be found on the Standard shelf

To prevent accidentally moving objects when yous select by dragging a window, concur Alt when yous drag your selection window.

Once you have selected a set of objects you can showtime organize them in such a mode that they are easily attainable. The simplest method of organisation is Group.

You lot can proper noun your selections so yous can call back them for later utilise. For more information encounter Named Selections on the Rhino help page.

Groups

Groups

With the group option y'all tin select multiple objects like it is a single object. For instance a serial of columns can exist grouped together so if you want to move them all you don't accept to select each i of them but only one of the group. This saves a lot of fourth dimension. The Group tin also be ungrouped so it converts back to its separate parts. To grouping objects select them and go to Edit »Groups »Group To ungroup objects select the grouping and go to Edit »Groups »Ungroup

Blocks

---

A cake is an object which can function equally reference. That ways that a block, representing curves or geometry, tin exist placed at several points in the drawing. The several placed blocks are linked to the original cake. If the block is inverse the other placed blocks will too modify. This tin can be quite useful when like objects are used in a cartoon, like window or door frames. So a block is a mini drawing which you can copy in your scene. If the original block is changed the copies will also alter.

To create a block:

• Go to Edit »Blocks »Creat Block Definition » and select the object/s you lot desire to plough into a cake. The next thing yous volition have to define is the insertion point of the block. This is the betoken which y'all can utilise to snap to a wall for example. The menu opens and will ask you the name of the block and a description. Make sure you volition use a correct name, because later on you have to select the blocks from a list of existing blocks. If you made a bunch of them, then a correct name can salve you lot a lot of piece of work.

Insert a block

• Get to Edit »Blocks »Insert Block Example » and select the blocks name from the menu. Yous are asked if y'all want to be prompted when the block is inserted into your scene. This is for the move option useful because it allows you lot to place the cake simply by clicking with your mouse. If y'all have objects which are always on the same location yous could use the option of defining the point of insertion. This can be useful for the drawing frame and block with information about the drawing.

Edit a block

• Get to Edit »Blocks »Edit Block In Place » and select the blocks proper name from the menu. You can add additional geometry to the block, move the insertion betoken or delete parts. The instances of the block volition automatically be updated.

Using Layers

Like in nearly other 2D/3D design programs, Rhinoceros has the ability to use layers. Layers are overlapping views of your scene that can have objects assigned to them. You tin can assign whatever objects within a scene to layers. One useful feature of layers is that they let you simplify your scene so you lot can work on specific objects without disturbing other objects. You can cull which objects of the scene you want to assign to a layer and so selectively make them visible or invisible. A color tin can be assigned to each layer. This color will be the base color of all the objects in that layer.

A object can be assigned to a layer by selecting the object(southward), RMB on the layer and select Alter Object Layer.

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Source: http://wiki.bk.tudelft.nl/toi-pedia/Rhino_Introduction

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